Robert Young writes that colonialism “involved an extraordinary range of different forms and practices carried out with respect to radically different cultures, over many centuries,” and lists examples including (1) settler colonies such as British North America and Australia, and French Algeria; (2) administered territories established without significant settlement for the purposes of economic exploitation, such as British India and Japanese Taiwan; and (3) maritime enclaves, such as Hong Kong, Malta, and Singapore (Young, 2001: 17). The correct answer is D.