Mahmud Şevket Pasha, Ottoman soldier and statesman who, in 1909, suppressed a religious uprising, forced the subsequent deposition of Sultan Abdülhamid II, and served as grand vizier (chief minister) in 1913. Şevket graduated from the Cadet School in Constantinople as a staff captain in 1882. He served on the general staff of the Ministry of War, and in 1886 he joined a commission sent to Germany to supervise the manufacture of war matériel for the Ottoman army. On his return he was appointed director of the Inspection and Control Department, with the rank of general. After the Young Turk Revolution of 1908, which brought the Committee of Union and Progress to power, Şevket became commander of the 3rd Army at Salonika (Thessaloníki, now in Greece), in which capacity in 1909 he crushed a religious uprising against the Young Turk government, known as the 31st of March Incident, and deposed the sultan, who favoured a return to absolutism. He then became the inspector general of the first three army corps and minister of war, acquiring a position of great strength. In January 1913, when a group of army officers led by Enver Pasha overthrew the government of the Liberal Union Party and restored the Committee of Union and Progress to power, Şevket became grand vizier.

The correct answer is E.