In its first phase, Turkish nationalism, like other nationalisms, has developed as language nationalism. Efforts to simplify Turkish language have taken place in this context. In addition, studies on Turkish race are also included in this framework. Pan-Turkism or Turanism, which is presented as a solution of saving the Ottoman Empire, advocates the unity of the Turkish communities in Central Asia under a single political framework. But the Republic rejects Turanism systematically and limits its own nationalism to Anatolia. This idea, which is trying to prove that Anatolia is a Turkish homeland, develops a new history thesis. According to this thesis, the Turks are 9,000 years old settled people of Anatolia. The Sumerian and Hittite civilizations belong to Turks; even at the base of European languages and civilization there are Turkish languages and ethnic groups. In the 1970s, the representative of nationalist ideology in the political sphere became Nationalist Action Party.