With the military coup of 12 September 1980, the political regime was restored, and progress was made as a reaction to the negativity of the previous period.With the military coup of 12 September 1980, the political regime was restored, and progress was made as a reaction to the negativity of the previous period. Two instruments were used to prevent government crises and stop fragmentation in the political party system. The first is the protection of the proportional representation system by the electoral law, but the introduction of a %10 country-wide electoral threshold. This arrangement was intended to keep small parties, as well as parties deemed ‘out of system’, out of parliament. With the %10 electoral threshold, the current proportional representation system was expected to produce similar results to the majority systems. The second instrument was to close all political parties after the coup and to allow only three parties to enter the elections held in 1983

Despite the 10% country-wide electoral threshold, from 1991 elections to the 2002 elections, no party was able to come to power alone.

Another important development in the 90s was the involvement of the parties which were predominantly elected from the East and Southeast, came out with the claim of carrying the demands of the Kurds to politics.

The correct answer is E.