The first and a major development towards the secularization of the state, education and law is the abolishment of Sultanate before the declaration of the republic in 1923. In 1922, the Sultanate was abolished in order to remove the dichotomy between the last Ottoman government and the government in Ankara led by Mustafa Kemal. The second major development towards the secularization of the state was the abolishment of the Caliphate, which was a religious position for leading all the Muslims around the world. By the abolishment of the Caliphate, all members of the Osmanoğlu Dynasty were also sent abroad. Third, in 1928, the clause that made Islam the religion of the state of Turkey was removed from the constitution.