Military Corporatism vs. Supremacy of Parliament 1960-1983: In this era, socio-economic issues were reduced to technical problems, which could supposedly be solved by rational planning through increasing power of bureaucrats. IMF and the World Bank had also begun to promote import substitution development plans for developing world. So, corporatism, ISI and planned economy triangle was seen as perfect match for the time. Indeed, large industries, in collaboration with foreign capital, continued to benefit from the import-substitution industrialization (ISI) policies of the 1960s by producing durable consumer goods serving domestic demand. However, inter-bourgeoisie conflict and increased trade union activities and socialist movements created political instability and weakened the AP government. The urban unrest of the rising workers’ and students’ movements was the main excuse for the military intervention in March 1971. Throughout the 1970s, Turkey experienced a series of weak coalitions. Low industrial efficiency was the result of Turkish development planning, which emphasized high growth rates through a large allocation of investment to import-substituted basic industry and the direction and the use of administrative regulation rather than incentives to ensure the effective functioning of the market. Towards the end of 1960s, IMF and OECD pressed Turkey to replace protectionism with export promotion strategy in order to solve the growing foreign debt problem.