The Sultanate was abolished in order to remove the dichotomy between the last Ottoman government and the government in Ankara led by Mustafa Kemal.

The clause that made Islam the religion of the state of Turkey was removed from the constitution.

The Swiss Civil Code and the Italian Penal Code were adopted

Turkish ezan practice was abandoned

Wearing all types of religious attire for ordinary people was restricted to mosques in order to make religious symbols invisible in daily life.