Before the mosques prayer had been a personal experience. With the introduction of mosques prayer became a social function, where worshippers no longer had to hide. The call to prayer (ezan) became an important symbol of the freedom to assemble and worship. The mosque also served as a school, a function in Islamic society that would be central to the success of Islam. The mosque also served as a shared meeting place and as an office for the administration of the local society. All of these functions are the foundational aspects of a civilization, and Hz. Mohammed was able to bring them to life through the construction of the mosques. C is the correct answer.

Starting with the Kok Turks, the Orkhon script was used by many Turks until around the tenth century. Uighurs used the Aramaeo-Syriac script (related to the Hebrew and Arabic alphabets) that they had learned from the Sogdians (Golden, 2011: 47). This script was later borrowed by the Mongolians, who still use it in Inner Mongolia, China. After becoming Muslims, Turks started using the Arabic alphabet. In modern Turkey, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan variations of the Latin script are used, whereas Kazakhs and Kyrgyz still use variations of the Cyrillic script that the Russians imposed on them during the Stalinist era.The correct answer is B. 

The launching of Facebook happened earlier than the others.

The first mention of Turks in the Chinese sources is by Tujue in the sixth century CE. Tujue is the Chinese transcription for the Mongolian word Turkut, plural of Turk, which literally means strong.

Radical Phase: 1917-1921: This period, which coincided with the whole duration of the Civil War in Russia, began with the seizure of power by the Bolsheviks, and it involved an armed power struggle between the Bolsheviks and several rival groups.

According to Tapscott, Ticoll, and Lowy (2000), digital culture is a set of new rules of engagement in the Global Economy.

At first, Hz. Mohammed preached the Revelations to his family and friends. His wife Khadija (Hatice) was the first woman to embrace Islam. His cousin Ali, who would later become his son-in-law and one of the most important leaders in the history of Islam, was the first child to embrace Islam. Abu Bakr (Ebu Bekir), his friend, was the first man to do so.

The last Turkic Kingdom to rule Northern China was the Tabgach. Their first leader was Toba Kuei.

Economically speaking, the empire was still largely an agricultural nation. The peasantry comprised about 85 percent of the population, and large estates, plowed by serfs (until 1861), had a low productivity level.

The first well-known Muslim Turkish poet was Yunus Emre, who was active in Anatolia in the late thirteenth century.

The dominant national group with proven warrior attributes were the Berber.

Basil Davidson states that ancient Africa’s kingdoms are “among the oldest institutions anywhere; they look out of the mist of antiquity like the unknown ghosts of ancestral nations that have no certain place or name, and yet are not to be denied”. However, this is not a uniting feature of Africa.

Marriage between castes is still uncommon, due to continued feelings about social pollution, especially in the rural parts of India. Sattvic or ascending meals, meant for those of higher castes equivalent to their stage of spiritual development. These consisted of fruits, vegetables, and grains, and they werev thought to promote transcendence associated with Brahmins. Furthermore, veneration for cows among Hindus does not mean no strict prohibition everywhere. Female cows are used for milk, and the males for veal exports, at least on occasion. As in the case in vegetarianism, there are exceptions. Meat is eaten in Rajasthan and fish in Maharashtra. Clothing follows a similar pattern. A dhoti kurta is an outfit that is often worn by married Hindu men. The dot is a religious symbol and is meant to signify the world beyond the physical.

All the given items are correct about the mentioned period.  

Serfs were not included in the pyramid.

The forces of the nomadic Mongol Empire overran Kievan Rus in the 13th century, devastating many cities, including Kiev itself.

The world today encounters four extreme challenges:

• The transformation from Western Civilization to Global Civilization
• The development of Virtual Civilization
• A new great crisis, especially seen in the Western and the Eastern Civilizations
• The possible Clash of Civilizations Globalization in our lifetimes was initiated by a political platform that arose when a new world order emerged following the fall of the Soviet Empire in 1991. Almost immediately, Europeanization took off, providing the world with new markets in Central and Eastern Europe.

Laws of the Turkic states before Islam had nomadic origins arising from the steppes of Central Asia. With the Mongolian influence a powerful one, especially during the reign of Genghis Khan, his sons and grandsons, a Turko-Mongol code of governance and laws emerged. Turks merged these with Islamic elements as they observed the Persian bureaucracy and applied such a legal system in their future governance practices in the Great Seljuk Empire, the Ottoman Empire, the Safavid Empire, and the Moghul Empire. Some clear Turko-Mongol words relevant to this discussion are ulus (nation), yasa (law) and tore (tradition). In the Ottoman society, non-Muslims utilized their own religious courts, and Muslims the Islamic courts. There were also secular courts run by Qanun and separate trade courts. The correct answer is D. 

A group came from Medina to speak with Hz. Mohammed about their difficulties. This led to the First Pledge of Aqaba, which was the promise of those who came to see the Prophet Mohammed to embrace Islam, and to introduce their family 150 6 The Islamic Civilization members to the call of Islam.