Deneme Sınavı Soruları

Advances in public health

Improvements in medical research

Developments in living standards

Expansion of alternative medicine

Decline in infant mortality

They serve only as consumption expenditures with no long-term economic impact.

They ensure that individuals gain utility from being healthy but do not affect productivity.

They function as both consumption and investment expenditures, increasing productivity and life expectancy.

They are primarily focused on reducing healthcare costs rather than fostering economic development.

They only affect the healthcare sector and do not influence other industries.

Cost-benefit analysis (CBA)

Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA)

Cost-utility analysis (CUA)

Cost-minimization analysis (CMA)

Cost-consequence analysis (CCA)

Only I

Only II

I and II

I and III

II and III

The total number of workers in an economy, regardless of their skills or education.

A form of capital that includes education, health, knowledge, skills, and abilities, contributing to an individual’s productivity.

The financial assets and physical resources owned by individuals and businesses.

A measurement of physical labor without considering education or health factors.

The accumulation of machinery and infrastructure to improve economic output.

Economic growth primarily depends on industrialization and is unrelated to health outcomes.

Poor health has minimal impact on economic productivity and workforce performance.

A healthy population contributes to economic growth by increasing workforce productivity and reducing absenteeism.

Economic development is solely determined by technological advancements, with no link to public health.

Healthcare improvements lead to economic stagnation due to increased public expenditure.

It is funded through payroll contributions and relies on multiple insurance funds.

It is primarily financed through private insurance and out-of-pocket payments.

It is government-funded and government-provided, ensuring universal coverage.

It is based on a fully decentralized system where healthcare providers compete freely.

It is a mix of public and private insurance with a strong focus on competition.

4.5%

6.12%

10.5%

8.3%

7.4%

To ensure that pharmaceutical prices are internationally competitive

To increase competition and control drug expenditures

To provide incentives for pharmaceutical companies to invest in research

To encourage the development of breakthrough therapies

To streamline regulatory processes for approval and reimbursement

A formal request made to your health insurer or plan for a review of a decision that denies a benefit or payment, whether in full or in part.

A request for a benefit, which includes reimbursement for a healthcare expense, submitted by either you or your healthcare provider to your health insurer or plan for items or services you believe are covered.

A predetermined, fixed amount, such as $25, that you pay for a covered healthcare service, typically at the time you receive the service. The specific amount can vary depending on the type of covered healthcare service.

Typically a spouse or child, who is eligible for healthcare benefits under the member’s insurance policy.

Services provided for the initial outpatient treatment of an acute medical condition, typically within a hospital setting.

It solely increases the number of workers in the labor market.

It enhances individual productivity, labor force participation, and reduces healthcare costs.

It focuses only on the physical well-being of workers without considering education or training.

It replaces the need for investments in physical capital such as machinery and infrastructure.

It leads to immediate economic growth without requiring long-term investment strategies.

100%

250%

525.6%

77.8%

10%

They provide subjective assessments of healthcare systems based on individual opinions.

They are used to measure financial expenditure, health outcomes, accessibility, and quality of care.

They focus solely on comparing healthcare systems in developing countries.

They primarily track the number of hospitals and doctors in a country.

They are only relevant for evaluating private healthcare systems.

It ensures that all patients receive equal access to healthcare services.

It leads healthcare providers and patients to make decisions based on their personal benefits.

It eliminates inefficiencies in the healthcare market.

It prevents pharmaceutical companies from prioritizing profits over public health.

It ensures that public healthcare systems always operate efficiently.

 NPV (Net Present Value)

ROI (Return on Investment)

WTP (Willingness to Pay)

CER (Cost-Effectiveness Ratio)

QALY (Quality-Adjusted Life Year)

Doctors know more than patients.

Patients have perfect knowledge.

Everyone gets the best treatment.

Healthcare costs are always clear.

Government regulations eliminate all information gaps.

Teaching hospital

Extra output from one more unit of input.

A healthcare advertising strategy.

Total profits from medical services.

The limit of medical resource use.

The price of a new treatment.

Relying solely on government funding without exploring alternative sources.

Avoiding technological advancements to minimize expenditures.

Reducing healthcare services to cut costs.

Eliminating financial audits to reduce administrative workload.

Implementing robust financial management, exploring alternative funding sources, improving operational efficiency, and optimizing revenue cycle management