Economıcs of Scıence Technology and Innovatıon (ENG)
Deneme Sınavı Soruları
20 soru
Cevap anahtarı açık: çöz, sonucunu gör
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1
What is one likely result when innovation replaces repetitive tasks?
2
The innovations whose impacts are usually small and that occur frequently in the production process and lead to a partial improvement in the quality of a product or process are called as
3
What influence do institutions have in the process of technological change?
4
The chapter classifies policy instruments by purpose into supply, demand, and diffusion. Which of the following is not a purpose-based category in that classification?
5
According to Freeman and Perez, how often have technological revolutions occurred since the Industrial Revolution?
6
Which of the following is not one of the key conditions for the efficient allocation of resources under market conditions according to the neoclassical theory?
7
According to the neoclassical theory, which characteristic of technological knowledge primarily leads to underinvestment in R&D?
8
Which empirical pattern did Zvi Griliches find when studying adoption of hybrid-seed corn?
9
Which feature best describes diffusion-oriented policy in the chapter?
10
Which of the following best explains why some countries are richer, more urbanized, and more integrated into the global economy today?
11
What term describes the period when technological systems reach maturity and economic growth slows down?
12
Which of the following statements is wrong about the impact of product innovations on employment?
13
Product innovations due to R&D expenditures are mostly job-creating, whereas process innovations due to embodied technological change are job-destroying. Following this finding, the apparent policy implication would be to devise an economic policy that aims to
14
What type of knowledge is less likely to be transmitted via international spillovers?
15
What is a reason for lower R&D elasticity estimates in temporal models?
16
What is a triadic patent?
17
How are knowledge spillovers different from rent spillovers?
18
Which is NOT a limitation of big data sources for measuring innovation?
19
What is a notable benefit of the firm-level approach to studying international R&D spillovers?
20
Which approach is commonly used to estimate the private returns to R&D at the industry level?