Economıcs of Scıence Technology and Innovatıon (ENG)
Ünite Sınavı Soruları
- 20 soru
- Soru metinleri açık; şıklar ve cevap anahtarı uygulamada
- 1
Which approach is commonly used to estimate the private returns to R&D at the industry level?
- 2
What challenge is often encountered when measuring the rate of return for external R&D spillovers?
- 3
Which of the following best describes the concept of 'private returns to R&D'?
- 4What is the primary aim of R&D investment according to the introduction?
- 5According to Hall et al. (2010), which depreciation rate is most commonly used in R&D studies?
- 6
Which factor is commonly considered in estimating the social returns to R&D according to the empirical studies?
- 7What is one limitation of case studies used to measure social returns to R&D?
- 8What type of spillover involves R&D-embodied goods purchased without revealing full value?
- 9
What is a significant issue when using value-added as a measure for output in assessing returns to R&D?
- 10
According to the dual approach, which type of function is used to represent technology when assuming cost minimization or profit maximization?
- 11What is a reason for lower R&D elasticity estimates in temporal models?
- 12What is a key feature of the dual approach in measuring R&D returns?
- 13
What is one of the main reasons for the variability in private rates of return to R&D across different sectors?
- 14
What does empirical evidence suggest about the elasticity of output with respect to R&D in high-income countries?
- 15Which method allows for calculating total factor productivity (TFP) in the primal approach?
- 16What is one of the main challenges in measuring R&D productivity at the firm level?
- 17How are knowledge spillovers different from rent spillovers?
- 18
Which production function does primal approach considers?
- 19
Which of the following is a primary issue related to the measurement of productivity when assessing the returns to R&D?
- 20What does the elasticity parameter 'γ' represent in the primal approach?