Ünite Sınavı Soruları

20 soru
Soru metinleri açık; şıklar ve cevap anahtarı uygulamada

1
The public choice theory presents a/an _________problem in setting up control mechanisms in decision-making to protect the public interest.
2
Why do large bureaucracies face challenges in effective decision-making?
3
Which one of the following is not one of the stages in decision-making process?
4
“In this approach, instead of or in addition to the rationality objective of the first approach, the aim is to increase political support for the decision since the decision-making process includes actions such as conflict, negotiation and persuasion between individuals and groups”.

Which approach is described by the above sentences?
5
Which example reflects the use of policy transfer in decision-making?
6
“An essential problem with participation in decision-making is that although some individuals and groups are unwilling (or may be unable) to make a concrete contribution to the idea generation and decision-making processes when they are among the contributing stakeholders”.

What is the name of the above mentioned phenomenon?
7
In public choice theory, which of the following is considered a potential problem with bureaucratic behavior?
8
Who claimed that the various dimensions of decision-making function in organizations include all organizational processes, such as planning and implementation?
9
"This concept describes other missed opportunities when a specific decision is being implemented. In other words, it is the second-best use of the resources used for implementing a decision (Starling, 2002, pp. 243-244). Therefore, the decision maker should also consider the alternative uses of the resources (s) he uses with his/her decision, considering that the resources are scarce".

Which concept is described by the above sentences?
10
Which approach to decision-making highlights the risk of “groupthink”?
11
According to the garbage can model, how are decisions typically reached within organizations?
12
Which of the following is not one of the five stages in the decision-making process?
13
What does the term “satisficing” mean in decision-making theory?
14
According to prospect theory, people are generally more willing to take high risks when:
15
The first assumption in the rational decision-making approach is that rational individuals make decisions based only on ___________ and they are not affected by other factors such as emotions, intuitions, and experience.
16
Which factor refers to the absolute minimum requirements needed for a solution to be viable?
17
Which concept emphasizes that decision-makers cannot achieve perfect rationality due to limitations in information and cognitive capacity?
18
The proposed solutions for the problems presented by the public choice theory are twofold: If it is difficult, if not outright impossible, to __________ the “empire-building” reflexes of the bureaucrats, it is advised to ___________ the size of the bureaucracy by privatization (Kettl, 2016, p. 565). The second solution is to limit the decision-making as well as discretionary powers of the bureaucrats by setting up control mechanisms such as rules of conduct.
19
If the framework of risk is presented as “being subjected to violence” and “being killed,” both of which are negative deviations from the existing situation (not experiencing violence), what will be the risk-oriented behaviors of decision makers? The more __________the divergence, the greater the tolerance for risk, and the riskier political solutions to adopt will be observed, such as forced confinement and electronic handcuffs.
20
What does opportunity cost represent in the context of decision-making?

Şıkları ve doğru cevapları görIntroductıon to Publıc Admınıstratıon (ENG) dersinin tüm sınavları, cevap anahtarları, süreli mod ve yanlış analizi uygulamada.Uygulamada aç