Introductıon to Publıc Admınıstratıon (ENG)
Ünite Sınavı Soruları
- 10 soru
- Soru metinleri açık; şıklar ve cevap anahtarı uygulamada
- 1Which of the following best describes the relationship between those who produce and those who use information in the decision-making process?
- 2
“An essential problem with participation in decision-making is that although some individuals and groups are unwilling (or may be unable) to make a concrete contribution to the idea generation and decision-making processes when they are among the contributing stakeholders”.
What is the name of the above mentioned phenomenon?
- 3Which term describes modifying existing policies or decisions slightly, rather than making drastic changes?
- 4
What best defines double-loop learning in the participatory approach?
- 5
Which of the following best reflects a technological impact on the participatory decision-making process?
- 6
I. This model describes the decision-making process as a chaotic environment, an organized anarchy where short and long-term preferences are unclear.
II. This model also presents opportunities to match solutions with problems and vice versa.
III. This model of decision-making argues that even if an organization has ambiguous goals, it lacks a precise definition of the problem to be solved, clear preferences of decision-makers, and chaotic processes, there are still mechanisms by which decisions can be made.
Which model of decision-making is described above?
- 7
Which of the following approach to decision-making involves bargaining and persuasion among actors to reach decisions?
- 8In the first stage of decision-making, which question is NOT typically asked to identify the nature of the problem?
- 9
Which of the following does not describe a characteristic of the garbage can model?
- 10In the garbage can model, which of the following is the most characteristic?