Patent can be defined as a right granted for an invention, which is a product or process that is used as a new solution or approach for a technical problem arising in industry.

There are different types of symmetric key cryptography. It is mainly classified as block ciphers and stream cipher. Some important stream ciphers are RC4, A5/1, SALSA20. The most popular block ciphers are Data Encryption Standard (DES), Triple DES (3DES), and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES).

In business, productivity of the employees and professionals may diminish due to the excessive monitoring systems, which control and monitor the connection of the works, however, they cause the violation of rights or privacy. Some stronger laws should be introduced since, protection of rights of privacy is base of the democracy.On the other hand, declaring a code of ethics in business is not a violation of privacy.   

The Internet presents significant new challenges for protecting the right to privacy. The most important ones are finger and iris-scanning technologies, processor technologies, cloud technologies but educational technologies don't pose a thread to the privacy. The correct answer is E.

Confidentiality means that information should be kept secret, that is, keeping information among persons who authorized to access, no one else can access it.

For a given design, a hardware Trojan can be added into a particular specification, toplevel models, RTL level descriptions, gate-level netlist, chip layout or chip mask. The Trojan behaviour varies from a denial of service attacks such as aging acceleration of transistors and bus deadlocks to subtler attacks, such as bypassing the authentication and gaining unrecognized privileged access on a system for unauthorized adversaries, or data leakage through side channels of the hardware components.

The machine learning is one of the core areas of artificial intelligence (AI) and deals with the implementation of systems and algorithms that are based on observations as data for the synthesis of new knowledge (inductive reasoning). Learning can take place by capturing characteristics of interest from examples, data structures or sensors, to analyze and evaluate the relationships between the observed variables.

Value is characteristic is the added value that the analysis of the data represents and the usages that can be made of it.

Correctness and completeness of information as well as the forestalling of unauthorized alteration of information in computers are provided with integrity service. Integrity concerns the completeness, origin and correctness of the information. In information technology, the origin of the information is equally important as the integrity of information.

The first wearable electronically equipped wearable dates back to 1960, designed by Claude Shannon one of the greatest mathematicians of all time, and Edward Thorp a mathematics professor at MIT, who they had set out to be able to beat the dealer in games of chance provided using mathematical algorithms. The correct option is C.

Business-to-Business (B2B)

Business-to-Consumer (B2C)

Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)

Consumer-to-Business (C2B)

Business-to-Government (B2G)

Government-to-Business (G2B)

Government-to-Consumer (G2C)

The advantages of the Cloud are:

• Storage and Scalability
• Backup and Disaster Recovery
• Mobility
• Cost-effectiveness
• Confidentiality and data security
• Control and Reliability
• Compatibility
• The servers that hold the data of the companies are more secure than the main computers of the companies because they take security measures 7/24 as software and hardware.

The correct option is D.

Managing data is important and provides some advantages described as follows:It provides mechanisms to become data into accessible, reliable, authentic and complete form; it provides mechanisms to securely share data between information technology systems, applications, departments or employees for an enterprise; it helps decision makers to make strategic decisions by allowing mining and analyzing data; it allows organizing, tracking, deleting, creating, and reporting data; it disallows redundancy and loss in data.

The “private cloud” is a computer infrastructure (network of connected computers to provide services) mainly dedicated to the needs of a single organization. They are located and controlled either by companies’ IT department or third party services (in the traditional form of hosting server), to have a precise control on data. The private clouds can be compared to traditional data centers.

The two mathematicians after long studied the physics of ball that spun the roulette, they created an algorithm that would allow increasing of chance of winning by as much as 44%. The algorithm was added to a microcomputer which was hidden in the shoe and connected to an audible microphone emitting a sound which cheats the roulette gambling. The results were amazing.

In Consumer to Business model, the transactions are initiated by consumers. Consumer sends a request to businesses for a product or service and then businesses make a bid. Then, consumer decides where the product or service will be bought from.

The name of the Internet of Things (IoT) has been introduced by Kevin Ashton, who is a British technology pioneer, working on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), and with this term, he imagined connecting the real world and internet with radio frequencies through a sensor system anywhere.

GittiGidiyor.com operates on a consumer to consumer e-commerce model, but if they were to only allow businesses to use them as intermediaries, they would be transitioning to a business to consumer model.

Environmental Solutions: Distributed information system which gathers data from multiple points provide control such as air pollution, rainfall situation, dam infestation, forest fire. The system warns the authorities to intervene in an emergency.

Virtual Reality (VR) can be defined as the combination of hardware and software devices able to create, for the senses of one or more users, a simulated three-dimensional environment in which to move exactly as if they were in the real world. Te VR, therefore, is conceived as a space created
digitally accessible which comes into existence by special devices and electronic equipment (not only the viewer, but also gloves, boots etc.) that allows to interact with the virtual environment achieved through powerful software.