Introduction to International Relations Ara 4. Deneme Sınavı
Toplam 20 Soru1.Soru
Whicho of the following states is not among the dominant powers that formed a Quadruple Alliance after the Congress of Vienna?
Austria |
Russia |
Prussia |
Britain |
Ottoman Empire |
Imposed top-down by the victorious powers, the restoration of Europe came under threat from modern ideas introduced by the French Revolution, including liberalism and nationalism. For this reason, it was considered essential to set up a structure that would guarantee the maintenance of the Vienna settlement.
The four dominant powers took measures against the potential threats to the international system. They gave up some of their national interests.
Thus, the Holy Alliance was formed among the autocratic monarchs. It included Alexander I of Russia, Francis I of Austria, and Frederick William III of Prussia. One month later Austria, Britain, Prussia, and Russia signed the treaty that created the Quadruple Alliance. The correct answer is E.
2.Soru
When NATO was built in 1949, which of the followings is not joined to this organization yet?
Belgium |
Canada |
Denmark |
Portugal |
Turkey |
Turkey was participated NATO membership in 1952 with the USA's offer.
3.Soru
About what is Article 2 Paragraph 4 of the United Nations Charter?
Political equality of member states |
Purposes of the United Nations |
Refraining from the use of force |
Natural right of states to self defense |
Right of states to collective defense |
Article 2 Paragraph 4 of the UN Charter depicts that all members of the organization shall refrain from both the threat and the use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state.
4.Soru
- The political authority of the Catholic Church over European rulers
- The spread of independent states across Europe
- The legitimacy by allying with the Pope
- The idea of stato, the core of the modern secular state
Which of the above are among the political impacts of the Renaissance and Protestant Reformation in Europe?
I and II |
I and III |
II and III |
II and IV |
III and IV |
The Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation, as two significant developments, hastened the dissolution of the feudal system. Having begun in Italy and spread across Europe, the Renaissance gave birth to the idea of stato _the core of the modern secular state_. Now European monarchs became keen to assert their sovereignty both internally and externally. Next, the Reformation weakened the political authority of the Catholic Church over European rulers. As of the middle of the sixteenth century Europe was divided into two main camps: Catholic and Protestant. This division was political as much as religious, because there was a power struggle between rulers who had obtained their legitimacy by allying with the Pope and those who had challenged or confronted his authority. The Reformation had considerable political impact, since it reinforced the spread of independent states across Europe. As is also understood from the information given, the correct answer is D. The spread of independent states across Europe and the idea of stato, the core of the modern secular state are among the political impacts of the Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation in Europe.
5.Soru
Which of the following is/are true in terms of the individual level of analysis in international relations?
I. The effect of individual characteristics on policy
II. Cognitive factors always affect policy.
III. Group perceptions are never considered in the individual level analysis.
IV. Gender does not have any effect.
V. Biopolitical factors such as gender has an effect on the individual level analysis.
VI. Personal characteristics are a part of the decision-making process.
I, II, III, IV, V, VI |
V, VI |
Only I |
I, II, V, VI |
I, II, III, IV |
Biological factors may have an effect on the individual level of analysis and gender is considered as a biopolitical factor. Therefore, it has an effect. Besides, group perceptions are important since an individual belongs to a group and can easily be affected by the group.
6.Soru
What is the type of security which especially focuses on natural disasters and extreme weather events that threaten human life?
Cybersecurity |
Environmental security |
Human security |
International security |
Use of force |
Environmental Security: The need to protect humans from natural disasters and extreme weather events (such as tsunamis, earthquakes, tornadoes, and floods) that threaten human life and focuses on this.
7.Soru
Which of the following has not been evaluated as a natural disaster?
Cyclone |
Earthquake |
Eruption |
Flood |
War |
War is a state of armed conflict between states, societies and informal groups, such as insurgents and militias. It is generally characterized by extreme aggression, destruction, and mortality, using regular or irregular military forces.
8.Soru
Which of the following created the term "citizen-army"?
Napoleonic Wars |
French Revolution |
First World War |
Second World War |
Peace of Westphalia |
One significant innovation of the French Republic was the formation of the citizen-army. It enabled France to conscript large numbers of citizens to fight Revolutionary Wars. This mass conscription not only brought military success to the Republic but also led to a shift in the military tactics of other European powers. The correct answer is B.
9.Soru
Which of the followings is not a criterion of statehood (that is, not a characteristic that defines what a state is)?
Having a defined territory |
Having a permanent population |
Being a member of the United Nations |
Being capable of conducting international relations |
Having an effective government |
For a political organization to become a state and to get recognized as such, it does not have to become a member of the United Nations, whereas it must have a defined territory, an effective government, a permanent population, and the capability to conduct international relations.
10.Soru
Which of the followings cannot be one of the concerns of Feminism?
International organizations |
Transnational actors |
Race and class |
The actions of states |
The use of force and violence |
More recently, feminism has examined broad areas of concern, including: the actions of states, international organizations, transnational actors, race, and class. Feminist theoreticians tend to avoid conclusions that indicate “masculinist” approaches, those which emphasize coercion, coercive diplomacy, the use of force and violence, and unilateralism. The correct option is E.
11.Soru
Which of the followings is considered to be the foremost classical theories in International Relations?
- I_Realism
- II_Neorealism
- III_Neoliberalism
- IV_Idealism
I and II |
I, II and III |
III and IV |
I and IV |
II and IV |
The foremost classical theories are realism and idealism/liberalism. Contemporary alternative theories are neorealism, neoliberalism, and the “English School” of thought. The correct option is D.
12.Soru
"Protecting technology, data, and information from malicious use or corruption arising from the use of computers and the Internet. "Which of the following notions does the definition above belong to?
International Security |
Use of Force |
Human Security |
Cybersecurity |
Environmental Security |
Cybersecurity: Protecting technology, data, and information from malicious use or corruption arising from the use of computers and the Internet. The correct answer is D.
13.Soru
- The Renaissance
- The Protestant Reformation
- Congress of Vienna
- The Quadruple Alliance
Which of the above as two significant developments hastened the dissolution of the feudal system in Europe?
I and II |
I and III |
II and III |
III and IV |
I and IV |
The feudal period existed prior to the Westphalian system; then, political authority was fragmented and decentralized among kings, princes, and nobles, all under the supreme authority of the Roman Catholic Pope. Starting in the sixteenth century, dominant European monarchies gradually consolidated their political authority over territories and subjects, even though the feudal power structures left by the Medieval Age still restrained their claims to sovereignty. The Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation, as two significant developments, hastened the dissolution of the feudal system Having begun in Italy and spread across Europe, the Renaissance gave birth to the idea of stato _the core of the modern secular state_. Now European monarchs became keen to assert their sovereignty both internally and externally. As can be understood from the information given the correct answer is A. The Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation, as two significant developments, hastened the dissolution of the feudal system.
14.Soru
Which of the following theories was International Relations based on?
I. Realism
II. Liberalism
III. Reasoning
IV. Positivism
- Only I
- I, II, III, IV
- I, II, III
- I, IV
- Only IV
Only I |
I, II, III, IV |
I, II, III |
I, IV |
Only IV |
Positivism is a position, not a theory and through which the liberal theory is viewed.
15.Soru
- No State or group of States has the right to intervene, directly or indirectly, for any reason whatever, in the internal or external affairs of any other State.
- Armed intervention and all against its political, economic and cultural elements are in violation of international law .
- Interfering in elections and governments is construed as a violation of international law.
Which of the above was/were addressed with Declaration on Principles of International Law Concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation Among States in Accordance with the Charter of the United Nations?
I |
II |
I and II |
II and III |
I, II and III |
In 1970, this issue was addressed with the Declaration on Principles of International Law Concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation Among States in Accordance with the Charter of the United Nations: No State or group of States has the right to intervene, directly or indirectly, for any reason whatever, in the internal or external affairs of any other State. Consequently, armed intervention and all against its political, economic and cultural elements are in violation of international law. Therefore, for example, interfering in elections and governments is construed as a violation of international law. As also understood from the information given, the correct answer is E.
16.Soru
Which of the following is/are international threats? I. War II. Refugees III. Natural disasters IV. cybercrimes
Only I |
I, II, IV |
Only IV |
Only III |
II, III |
Wars take place between nations. Refugees seek asylum from different countries and cybersecurity is considered as an element of international security.
17.Soru
What is the role of UN in 'use of force'?
The UN security council controls the international security. |
The UN makes the budget against terrorist attacks. |
The UN prohibits preemptive self-defense or anticipatory self-defense. |
The UN organizes intelligence activities against terrorist attacks. |
The UN commits some counter attacks against terrorist organizations. |
One question of the ‘use of force’ in preventing war or attack has long been debated in international law. The United Nations prohibits preemptive self-defense or anticipatory self-defense. In other words, according to the United Nations language, nations and alliances should not attack others to prevent an attack that has not yet occurred.
18.Soru
- It promotes toleration, reason and progress, equality before the law, and an open economy.
- It suggests that states would search for long-term mutual gains instead of short-term individual gains if their security and sovereignty were not significantly diminished or threatened.
- It focuses on how power contributes to a variety of political outcomes and to a state’s security, and by its assumptions, concludes there can be little security for any weak state (one with little power).
- The main indicator of it is the concept of interest defined in terms of power, which inserts rational order into politics and thus makes the theoretical understanding of politics possible.
Which of the above gives correct information about idealism?
I and II |
I and III |
II and III |
III and IV |
I and V |
Idealism promotes toleration, reason and progress, equality before the law, and an open economy. It suggests that states would search for long-term mutual gains instead of short-term individual gains if their security and sovereignty were not significantly diminished or threatened. Idealism’s terms underlie liberal political thought. As also understood from the information given the correct answer is A. The information taking place in the third option is related to realism. To Morgenthau, realism is a power politics theory. That is, it focuses on how power contributes to a variety of political outcomes and to a state’s security, and by its assumptions, concludes there can be little security for any weak state (one with little power). The information taking place in the fourth option is related to political realism. The main indicator of political realism is the concept of interest defined in terms of power, which inserts rational order into politics and thus makes the theoretical understanding of politics possible. Political realism avoids concerns with the motives and ideology of politicians, diplomats, military leaders, and others in the political arena.
19.Soru
Which peace settlement was signed after The Napoleonic Wars?
The Peace of Westphalia |
The Peace of Utrecht |
The Congress of Vienna |
The Treaty of Versailles |
The United Nations Charter |
Between 1648 and 1789, each succession war was concluded with a peace settlement following an international diplomatic congress that included all the warring parties. Here are the conflicts and the settlements that followed them:
The Thirty Years’ War --- The Peace of Westphalia - 1648
The Spanish Succession Wars --- The Peace of Utrecht - 1713
The Napoleonic Wars --- The Congress of Vienna - 1815
World War I --- The Treaty of Versailles - 1919
World War II --- The United Nations Charter - 1945 The correct answer is C.
20.Soru
Which of the followings is not true about our world in the second decade of the 21st century?
It is increasingly interconnected. |
It is increasingly interdependent. |
Wars and conflicts still occur. |
Economic issues may create tremors. |
Famine has been eradicated globally. |
Famine is ongoing, particularly in African states.
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