Monitoring roles channel information about the environmental developments, opportunities, or risks.

The disseminator role is about sharing updated information with relevant individuals, groups, or divisions.

The interpersonal roles of managers are about relationships with internal and external stakeholders such as employees, customers, relevant interest groups, or suppliers - even communities where a company has its headquarters or markets its goods or services.

Flow of communication between positions and tasks at the same hierarchical level is referred to as horizontal communication. Managers and non-managerial employees at all levels are in need to contact each other for organizational and personal achievement.

A skills inventory (human resource information system) is a computerized
databank containing information on the education, skills, and experience of all
present employees.

Strategic Alliances

In order to build a global competitive advantage, activities might be required to concentrate in certain locations. For example, if costs of production or transportation are lower; if there is a possibility of scale economies or if there is a steep learning curve effect in certain locations, it would be beneficial not to disperse the activities. On the other hand, if it is necessary to be close to buyers; if transportation costs or trade barriers support the decentralization or if fluctuating exchange rates, supply interruptions, and adverse politics should be buffered, activities should be dispersed.

The dissolution of Soviet Union countries in the early 90’s was the milestone of globalization.

The critical success factors for MNCs emphasized in the literature are:15
• Entering into complex markets to gain new knowledge.
• Recognition and reputation.
• Key strategic partnerships.

Managers should pay close attention to external environment for adapting organization’s human resource strategy to the new developments occurring outside the organization.

Taxes, surcharges, or duties arranged against imported goods are known as tariffs.

A leading indicator is an objective measure that accurately predicts future labor demand. Inventory levels, sales levels, employment levels and profit levels are the most used leading indicators for forecasting personnel demand.

Middle managers are department heads, branch, or plant managers. Middle level management is responsible for overseeing the contribution to the organizational goals and strategies developed by the top management.

Emerging Markets

Emerging markets are the transition economies such as Brazil, Russia, India, Mexico, Nigeria, and Turkey that are characterized by high levels of growth despite insufficient infrastructure.

Human resource management (HRM) is the process of acquiring, training, appraising, and compensating employees, and of attending to their labor relations, health and safety, and fairness concerns.

Suppliers are businesses that supply material resources or services to other businesses.

THE CONCEPTS OF BUSINESS

A business is any organization that provides goods or services to satisfy customers’ needs and wants for a profit.

Emerging markets are the transition economies such as Brazil, Russia, India, Mexico, Nigeria and Turkey that are characterized by high levels of growth despite insufficient infrastructure. Emerging markets are quite different from western countries in terms of their cultural context, regulations and institutional arrangements. 

Norway is NOT an emerging market.

A number of methods are available for external recruitment methods. These are advertising, online recruitment, employment agencies, and college recruiting. The correct answer is B.

Planning is identifying goals and deciding which tasks that will be performed and the resources that will be utilized for attaining these goals. The correct answer is C.

Technical skills are directly related to the task itself and must be possessed by the first-line managers whose task is to see jobs to completion. First-line or supervisory-level managers need not only the technical knowledge relevant to the tasks they are supervising but also must be able to monitor the performance and quality of the employees’ jobs. The expert and efficient use of technology, marketing research, HR training, or the creation of software are just some examples of technical skills that first-line managers of related departments are expected to possess. The correct answer is A.