Socialism is an economic system characterized by government control and ownership of selected key industries that are vital to the economy. Doğru cevap A’dir.

Multinational Corporations

We should examine the realities of international competition to find some answers to this question. There are several active international car brands in Turkish automotive market and these are linked to MNCs. These MNCs are not only manufacturing cars for Turkish market but also for their branches in other countries. MNCs generally have an advantage to achieve economies of scale. Economies of scale is the cost advantage that arises with increased output of a product.

The liberal reform policies in Turkey were adopted after 1980.

Internal recruiting or hiring from within the organization means using various sources developed and managed inside the organization. If an organization has been effective in recruiting and selecting employees in the past, current employees are often the best source of candidate pool. The correct answer is D.

Beside similarities between the management and leadership roles, there are also distinguishing characteristics. Few are:
• Management is based on position; leadership is about personal qualifications.
• Management is attaining goals through others; leadership is pursuing goals with others.
• Management authority is based on legal authority; leadership power comes from followers.
• Management produces order and consistency; leadership produces change and movement

Insider trading involves the use of private or special company information for financial gains, often in the form of buying or selling of stocks.

THE CONCEPTS OF BUSINESS

Keep in mind that other firms are also trying to sell their products and services, often to the same groups of customers. The result is competition among those firms. Competition is the rivalry among businesses for the same resources, customers or markets

Flow of communication between positions and tasks at the same hierarchical level is referred to as horizontal communication. Managers and non-managerial employees at all levels are in need to contact each other for organizational and personal achievement.

Economies of scale is the cost advantage that arises with increased output of a product

CEO, COO, President, Vice-president, Rector, Board of directors are members of executive management. However, dean is a member of middle management. The correct answer is C.

Organizing is determining tasks relevant to goals; grouping tasks by departments; assigning the work force for specific tasks; deciding the authority relationships, and preparing the work environment which includes allocating equipment, technology, and personnel. The correct answer is C.

Internal environmental factors are issues that can be found within an organization’s internal environment. These factors can be indicated as personal and organizational factors, job characteristics in the organization, and interpersonal relationships.

Vertical communication refers to communication channels between hierarchical levels either in the downward or upward direction. Downward communication is the channel from top managerial levels to the rest of the organization. Upward communication follows a route from bottom to top, that is from employees to managers at any hierarchical level.Horizontal communication forms between positions and tasks at the same hierarchical level.Informal communication occurs outside the formal communication based on personal relations.The correct answer is C.

The contingency approach emphasizes that leadership style and best managerial approach change according to environmental factors. Different contingency theories examine the match between the leadership approach and the environmental composition.24 Each of the theories attempts to answer “if-then” contingencies. Fiedler’s contingency model and situational theory are amongst the models that discuss the fit between the environment and leadership style. The correct answer is A.

The story of globalization begun with the tendency of first industrial firms to market their goods to other countries during the late 19th century.

Globalization refers to the integration of economic, political, technological, social, and cultural systems around the world,

Production or manufacturing function for both goods and services involves making products or creating services for customers which include activities such as purchasing (of material resources) and logistics (incoming and outgoing flow of material resources and products).