Communism is a political and economic system in which the centralized government owns and operates all of the factors of production. It would also make production and allocation decisions. Communism exists in very few countries in the world such as Cuba, North Korea and China.

Outputs of accounting system;

• Balance sheet
• Income statement
• Cash flows statement
• Other reports

The Union of Chambers of Certified Public Accountants of Turkey (TÜRMOB) is the national umbrella organization for the 81 local chambers of CPAs (SMMMs) and Chambers of Sworn-in CPAs (YMMs). The Union is empowered to award professional licenses that Turkey’s accountants must have to render professional services.

• Operational risk
Various risks that can arise from a company’s ordinary business

A system is a collection of interacting, interrelated or interdependent components that are organized for a common purpose.

Although there are many types of risk classes, basic types of risk for a business can be classified as:
• Credit risk (Default risk)
The risk that a company or individual will not be able to pay the contractual interest or principal on its debt obligations.
• Market risk
The risk that the value of an investment to fluctuate due to general market conditions.

• Political risk
The risk that a country’s government will suddenly change its policies.
• Operational risk
Various risks that can arise from a company’s ordinary business

A country that exports more than it imports has a trade surplus. On the contrary, if a country imports more than it exports has a trade deficit.

Financial accounting focuses on reporting to external parties such as stockholders, investors, governmental agencies, creditors, banks, and suppliers. Financial accounting measures and records business transactions and provides financial statements that are based on generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).

Experiential positioning: The brand tries to provide stimulation throughout the purchasing and consumption process. For instance, a toy store may invite children to play with toys to understand what they like and do not like (sensory experience); a smart phone brand may provide in-store experience booths where consumers can explore their needs and wants (cognitive experience), and a theme park may attempt to make consumers have different experiences stimulating a variety of different emotions including joy, happiness, excitement, and thrill (emotional experience). A lot of brands have experiential elements included in their brand positioning such as Starbucks (baristas taking names and chatting with customers), Doc McStuffin (Disney TV channel having children around a big toy bear inspecting it like a doctor), and Game of Thrones (different games, films, parks, and events).Functional positioning: The brand promises to solve a problem and provide a functional benefit to customers. For instance, Oral-B electric toothbrush claims to reach each and every spot over one’s teeth, and promises a clean, hygienic, and healthy mouth. The correct answer is A.

Continental business is not one of the type of businesses. Doğru cevap D’dir.

Financial accounting measures and records business transactions and provides financial statements that are based on generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP)

Internal users of accounting information are managers who plan, organize, and run a business. They include marketing managers, production supervisors, finance directors, and company officers. External users are individuals and organizations outside a company who need financial information about the company. The two most common types are investors and creditors. Current and prospective investors (owners) use accounting information to make decisions to buy, hold, or sell stock.

The income statement shows the amount of sales, all the costs incurred in making those sales and all the overhead costs incurred in running the operations of the company so it would be able to deliver on its promises to customers

To fight against fraud and corruption, companies can establish internal control systems. Typically, implementation of internal controls involve the following steps:22
• Identification of possible internal and external threats,
• Identification of internal processes,
• Identification of process gaps using control assessment tools,
• Implementing internal controls to fill gaps with strong control processes,
• Testing the controls with an early warning system.

Management is a process through which required resources are utilized by a sequence of functions starting with planning, followed by organizing, leading, and controlling for attaining organizational goals.

The field of supply chain management was born to manage the flow of information, products, and services across a network of customers, enterprises and supply chain partners. Supply chain management concentrates on input and output dimensions of transformation processes. Increasingly, however, as the transformation process is performed by suppliers who can be located around the world, the supply chain manager is also concerned with the timeliness, quality, and legalities of the suppliers’ operations

Business finance decisions are related to the resources of a business and they can be grouped as investment decisions, financing decisions and operating decisions.
• Investment decisions: Making sound investment choices in line with
business strategies and economic analysis.
• Financing decisions: Selecting the optimum mix of internal and
external funds to finance the investments of the business.
• Operating decisions: Employing the resources of the business to
efficiently generate profits.

During the transformation process, the production function in the company involves four specific sub-functions which are design, scheduling, operation, and transformation control.Feedback mechanisms are required to monitor the performance of the transformation process. There may be some random disturbances hampering the transformation process of converting the inputs into desired outputs.