The answer is B

Mali uses a civil legal system based on French civil law.

Cadre parties were the first modern political parties formed in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Cadre parties are described as small organizations that are typically dominated by politically elite groups of activists with a coopted leadership structure with limited control over the membership and comparatively week communication links. These types of parties are mostly funded by the wealthy. Generally cadre parties only function for a limited time during election periods

The parliamentary system of government was created in the United Kingdom. It is known as a parliamentary monarchy because the Queen remains at the head of government.

From a base of informed judgment, the individual participates by voting in elections at both local and state levels.

Seeds for the concept of the individual as king were expressed during the Protestant Reformation, which was inspired by Martin Luther, John Calvin, and others, during the 16th century. This movement tried to place individual behavior above the strict rules of the Catholic Church.

Mass parties, which started in the 20th century, are groups with thousands and sometimes millions of members. A difference between mass parties and cadre parties is that mass parties try to  appeal to a large number of people. Mass parties have a bureaucratic leadership and use advanced technology. Members usually fund mass parties.

Russia may be considered a hybrid state even though its structure is presidential. According to its constitution, Russia is considered democratic, but an authoritarian leader rules, making the country an authoritarian democracy. The correct answer is B:

In most democratic governments there are three distinct branches: the legislative branch, the executive branch, and the judiciary branch. The legislative branch usually is the main arm of the government that establishes the laws of the land. The executive branch typically ensures that all of the laws are obeyed by overseeing the operation of the government. The executive branch is also usually the “face” of the nation, especially in foreign relations. The judiciary branch ensures that all laws are acceptable or constitutional.

Researchers have found that the main way that people get information about political and social issues is the media. Therefore, the media has an important role in shaping public opinion. Studies have shown the more the media covers an issue the more important it seems to the individual. Additionally, how an issue is covered also gives people ideas for how they should feel about the issue. This is known as framing. For example, if a story is written with a negative feel or the focus is on the problems of an issue, the public is more likely to have a negative feeling about the issue

Emancipation: The act of freeing a human being or class of human beings from the control of another, usually when this control is enshrined in some legal privilege or right (Scruton, 2007: 206).

According to the new law, children who are born in Germany to foreign nationals receive German citizenship when one of the respective child’s parents has resided lawfully in Germany for at least eight years and holds entitlement to residence, or has an unlimited residence permit for at least three years. Such children will have to decide within five years of turning 18 - before their 23rd birthday - whether they want to retain their German citizenship. They must opt for one of their two nationalities.

Japan uses a civil legal system based on German model.

Democracy is the government “of the people, by the people, for the people” – Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg, 1863.

The decree of 26 August 1792 granted French citizenship to foreigners who by their writings or
acts had defended liberty and the principles of the revolution.

Authoritarian political belief may be classified as acceptance of full government influence expecting strict controls for the sake of safety and security. 

In Ethnic Minorities Model  migrants are managed through the principle of group right.The correct answer is C.

Typically, pressure groups are broken into four categories: promotional, sectional, insider, outsider. These interest groups generally fall into two broad categories: institutional and membership.The correct answer is B.

Aras Ören, Yüksel Pazarkaya, Zafer Senocak, Emine Sevgi Özdamar and Zehra Çirak were some of the Turkish-origin literary figures in Germany. These novelists and poets were then considered to belong to the Gastarbeiterliteratur.

Seeds for the concept of the individual as king were expressed during the Protestant Reformation, which was inspired by Martin Luther, John Calvin, and others, during the 16th century.