Socialism adjusts the criterion of liberalism in
such a way that it is radically altered. Correct answer is A.

The average for the 30 countries requiring thresholds is between 4% and 5%. The Netherlands has the lowest threshold of 0.67% of the national vote and Turkey has the highest threshold of 10%. The correct answer is C:

Cultural and historical factors that have shaped interest groups systems in Latin America include socioeconomic inequalities, elitist politics, a tradition of authoritarianism, a political culture of family and personal loyalties, and external influences.

Wellbeing of citizens can be determined by several elements; social, economic, psychological, professional, even personal issues may be a cause for concern.

The answer is A.

Stratocracy is a  source of political power comes from military strength. Since many nations maintain an active military force, we can consider how the presence of such power could be used to rule through fear over a population. The idea is to control behavior through forceful action for much the same reason governments exercise control through legislative power. The correct answer is C.

In parallel systems, voters elect the candidate and the party separately. This is
 one either with one ballot or two separate ballots. Countries using parallel systems include Armenia, Japan, Korea, Philippines, and Ukraine. The correct answer is A.

New trends drove a renewed interest in citizenship studies (Isin and Turner, 2002). Some of these trends were: decreasing voter interest, long-term dependency on financial aid from the United States, stress created by an increasingly multicultural population in Western Europe, backlash against Thatcher’s social welfare programs from the 1980s, failing environmental policies which relied on voluntary citizen cooperation, and the resurgence of nationalist movements in Eastern Europe. Increasing voter interest is not among these trends.

In China, ethical and social life, along with political life, is closely intertwined. On the opposing side of the political spectrum, Europe has an environment with more potential for active participation for individuals due to the influences of democracy. From roots in liberalism, individuals have a stronger desire to support self interest than for ancestral values found in oriental cultures. 

Political culture is a distinctive and patterned way of thinking about how political and economic life ought to be carry out.The correct answer is E.

The principle of jus soli (soil) and the principle of jus sanguinis (blood) are the two defining principles of modern citizenship across the world.

How an issue is covered also gives people ideas for how they should feel about the issue. This is known as framing.The correct answer is B.

Aristotle was more supportive of participation. He believed any citizen could be properly informed to participate effectively.

Just as citizens join together in political groups that are mostly based on special issues, they also organize themselves in work units or trade unions. Their objective in this type of participation is to gain strength in numbers to lobby for collective bargaining, workplace safety, higher wages, and better benefits. The correct answer is C.

International Peace has specific concerns about shift in international relations, rise in new powers and reshaping global economy.

Manipulation of truth is not among the problems democracy must overcome to support its citizens.

Political culture can exist for a country, for a group, or even for an individual. We can examine each of these individually, and we can also expect that the three can get mixed up. I

An oligarchy is a form of government by a few with a continuous base of power through privilege or through corruption. Power may be limited to political parties, individuals, or wealthy groups. The results of action from this government focus on self-preservation and retention of a base for total power. The correct answer is A.

The answer is B.

Saudi Arabia is considered an oligarchy since the Saudi family controls the government. The Saudi oligarchy has hereditary origin. In the Russian Federation, we can see another form of oligarchic control through a class of wealthy business leaders who, through cooperative and dependent relationships, run the government and society.