Economıcs of Scıence Technology and Innovatıon (ENG)
Deneme Sınavı Soruları
20 soru
Cevap anahtarı açık: çöz, sonucunu gör
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1
Which of the following is the primary aim of “technology policy” as defined in the chapter?
2
What does David Landes’s “marathon race” metaphor mainly emphasize about technology and economic history?
3
What typically happens in the first 20–30 years following a technological revolution?
4
In the specific problem-oriented approach, if SMEs in developing countries are not competitive due to high costs resulting from economies of scale, which policy measure is most appropriate?
5
The compensation mechanism via new products operates as new branches emerge and new jobs are created for the new structure of commercialization and of development of new products. This mechanism is directly associated with the attribute of technological advance itself. This compensation mechanism is called as
6
Which of the following is not one of the types of innovations based on the size and impact of innovations?
7
Which innovation type involves changes in product design, packaging, or promotion strategies?
8
Which economic historian emphasized the “advantage of relative backwardness” and the role of special institutional factors (like banks and the state) in follower countries’ industrialization?
9
Which of the following is considered an example of an organizational innovation?
10
According to Ergas (1987), as summarized in the chapter, which countries are presented as examples of mission-oriented technology policy?
11
Which of the following components are included in the cost of digital products?
I.Content creation
II.Data generation
III.Product storage
IV.Product distribution
V.Marketing
12
Which of the following best describes the impact of the Malthusian Trap on pre-industrial societies?
13
What policy action can help reduce the risk of job loss from technology?
14
Which index uses 32 indicators grouped under 4 main determinants of innovation?
15
In the Kinze and Lenz (2021) study, what was AI used for?
16
Which of the following is NOT typically included in R&D statistics collected by statistics offices?
17
What distinguishes tacit knowledge from codified knowledge?
18
Which characteristic makes ideas and knowledge public goods?
19
According to Hall et al. (2010), which depreciation rate is most commonly used in R&D studies?
20
Which method allows for calculating total factor productivity (TFP) in the primal approach?