Introduction to Sociology Ara 1. Deneme Sınavı
Toplam 20 Soru1.Soru
Which information is true for mechanic solidarity and organic solidarity depending on social division of labour? I. Mechanical solidarity is observed in modern societies. II. In mechanical solidarity, collective consciousness and collective identity are more powerful and dominant than individual consciousness and identities. III. In organic solidarity, there is a complex division of labour based on social differentiation.
Only I |
Only III |
I and II |
I and III |
II and III |
Durkheim, in his work titled The Division of Labour in Society writes about mechanic solidarity and organic solidarity depending on social division of labour. Accordingly:
a) Mechanical solidarity is observed in traditional societies where there is a simple division of labour based on resemblances. In this type of order and solidarity, collective consciousness and collective identity are more powerful and dominant than individual consciousness and identities.
b) Organic solidarity is observed in modern societies where there is a complex division of labour based on social differentiation.
2.Soru
- Which of the following is unlikely to be considered as a reason for the upward mobility?
economic developments |
transitioning to a democratic rule |
possibilities of education |
political instabilities and wars |
transitioning to a nuclear family |
political instabilities and wars
3.Soru
Which of the following is the most significant contribution of Saint-Simon to the development of sociology?
The term industrial society |
The term society |
The term economical development |
The term industry |
The term military action |
It is emphasized that the most significant contribution of Saint-Simon to the development of sociology is the term industrial society, which successfully influenced both the radicals like Marx and the conservative theoreticians like Comte at same time by reflecting both socialist and conservative point of views. The correct answer is A.
4.Soru
Which of the following concept defines a relatively stable set of perceptions and thoughts related to people’s identity and qualifications?
Socialization |
Status |
Self |
Role |
Value |
Self is the totality of the perceptions and thoughts related to our identity and our qualifications. In other words, self is a relatively stable set of perceptions and thoughts of who we are in relation to the others and ourselves.
5.Soru
Which of the following refers to Marx's theory that emphasizes the importance of economic factors rather than thoughts and values in social transformation?
historical materialism |
social constructivism |
social Darwinism |
positivism |
deductionism |
Karl Marx developed a theory called historical materialism, which had a great influence in the field. In this theory, which emphasizes the importance of economic factors rather than thoughts and values in social transformation and can be defined briefly as “embracing history from a materialist point of view”. Therefore, A is the correct answer.
6.Soru
When Durkheim’s seminal study (1897) explaining the act of suicide as a sociological phenomenon is taken into account, which of the following is correct?
The suicide rates are higher in women than men. |
The suicide rates are higher in times of war than in times of peace. |
The suicide rates are higher for singles than people in a relationship. |
The suicide rates are higher among Catholics than Protestants. |
The suicide rates are higher in times of economic welfare than economic crisis. |
Durkheim, in his seminal study entitled “Suicide” (1897) shows that suicide rates are higher in men than women, higher for singles than people in a relationship and higher among Protestants than Catholics. He also found that suicide rates are higher in times of peace than times of war; and higher in times of economic crisis than times of economic welfare. Depending on these similarities and differences, Durkheim developed a theory and explained suicide as a sociological phenomenon, as a social fact. The correct answer is Choice C.
7.Soru
Who is the thinker that coined the term "industrial society", which reflected both socialist and conservative point of views?
Saint-Simon |
August Comte |
Herbert Spencer |
Karl Marx |
Emile Durkheim |
It is emphasized that the most significant contribution of Saint-Simon to the development of sociology is the term industrial society, which successfully influenced both the radicals like Marx and the conservative theoreticians like Comte at same time by reflecting both socialist and conservative point of views.
8.Soru
- “Nobles had the power of using and ruling the lands and they were also the practitioners of the law. Public stratum that is created by serfs, free peasants, merchants and artisans as the commons class, which is the lowest layer. “ What system is described above?
Feudal system |
Slavery system |
Caste system |
Post-modern system |
Industrial system |
Feudal system
9.Soru
Which of the following is true about society?
Society is the sum of gathered people. |
What makes a society is people themselves. |
Societies are political units; they are administered by the politicians. |
Societies can't administer themselves, they can't subsist on their own, they need an agency. |
Society consists of the interactions among people who share a culture or a number |
E
10.Soru
......... is the separation of religious and state affairs and involves freedom of thought and faith.
What is defined above?
fascism |
liberalism |
socialism |
conservatism |
laicism |
Laicism, although in its widest definition, is the separation of religious and state affairs; it comprises more than this conventional definition of the term. Laicism involves freedom of thought and faith
11.Soru
Which of the following statement is true about social sciences?
Social scientists may conduct experiments in order to test and prove hypotheses. |
Social sciences would like to make explicit predictions about the circumstances. |
In social sciences, scientists can influence the reaction of the subjects they investigate. |
In social sciences, scientists may examine the causality relationship between facts. |
In social sciences, measurement is much easier than in physical sciences. |
Social scientists are members of the society they investigate, they may influence the people they investigate and may be influenced by them.
12.Soru
Which of the following sociologists developed the approach that is also called “Social Darwinism”?
Emile Durkheim |
Karl Marx |
Auguste Comte |
Herbert Spencer |
Saint Simon |
Herbert Spencer developed a social transformation theory that was similar to the evolutionary development of a biological organism mentioned in Darwin’s evolution theory which is called Social Darwinism. The correct answer is D.
13.Soru
As Weber based ideal type analysis, rational-legal authority is likely to be seen in which of the countries?
Democratic nation-states |
Under-developed countries |
Dictatorships |
Totalitarian states |
Oligarchies |
Those who possess rational-legal authority are legitimated on the basis of legally enacted rules and the right of those with authority under those rules to issue commands. Rational-legal authority is thus seen in developed, democratic nation-states. On the other hand, traditional authority is the type of authority that is usually seen in underdeveloped countries. Dictatorships and oligarchies are forms of authoritarian states where rational-legal authority also lacks. In totalitarian states, all institutions are totally controlled and thus this type of state is deprived of legitimization.
14.Soru
According to Marx, which of the followings is capitalist society built on?
Nobility. |
Aristocracy. |
Economical inequalities. |
Technological development. |
Religious oligarchy. |
According to Marx, capitalist society is a system which is built on economical inequalities. Class positions of people are determined according to whether they own means of production. Therefore, the correct option is C.
15.Soru
Which of the following can be defined as a hybrid political tradition that is inspired by socialist ideals and an existing political atmosphere and determined by liberal values?
Fascism |
Social democracy |
Socialism |
Neoliberalism |
Conservatism |
Social democracy can be defined as a hybrid political tradition that is inspired
by socialist ideals and an existing political atmosphere and determined by liberal values. Thus, the correct answer is B.
16.Soru
Which term refers to a property, which can be translated to a form of money in the consequence of sales and provides profit and utility to its owner?
Life chance |
Income |
Status |
Asset |
Production power |
Asset refers to a property, which can be translated to a form of money in the consequence of sales and provides profit and utility to its owner. The correct answer is D.
17.Soru
Who developed positivism based on Darwin's "natural selection" principle, what is also known as "Social Darwinism"?
Auguste Comte |
Herbert Spencer |
Karl Marx |
Max Weber |
Emile Durkheim |
Spencer adapted the “natural selection” principle, which means the survival of the fittest, into social evolution and rejected any type of state interventions and social reforms that are supportive of disadvantaged individuals in social life. Some argue that Spencer used the phrase “adapters (strong ones) survive”, which is used to explain natural selection by Darwin, much earlier than him for human societies. Therefore, Spencer’s approach is also called “social Darwinism”.
18.Soru
Which of the following refers to the difference between the value produced by workers and the payment they are given?
Surplus value |
Profit |
Primitive communal |
The distinctive subject matter |
Social facts |
“Surplus value” refers to the difference between the value produced by workers and the payment they are given.
19.Soru
"This type of society is based on cooperation, there is no competition among people. They are generally participatory societies and all male members gather together when important decisions are taken."Which of the following is the society type that the features above describe?
Pastoral Societies |
Agrarian Societies |
Traditional States |
Hunting and Gathering Societies |
Post-Industrial Societies |
Hunter-gatherer societies, usually consisting of small numbers of people, have very little social inequality and any inequalities that do exist are based on honor rather than wealth. As a result, there are no rich or poor people and no social division based on wealth, but rather cooperation among members. This is caused by their lack of agriculture, resulting in a lack of long term storable food, requiring cooperation and sharing of their limited resources to sustain their livelihood.
20.Soru
Which of the following defines what we call as social groups in the discipline of sociology?
Social groups are a set of people who are not in mutual interaction. |
Social groups are composed of those who are not organised. |
Social groups are the main blocks of the society. |
Social groups are composed of those who have distinctive objectives. |
Social groups are composed of those who have no control over their members. |
Social groups are the main blocks of the society. The group is a set of people who are in mutual interaction, who share specific expectations and who take into consideration the other’s behaviours. In other words, social group is a set of people who share common goals and interests, who are interrelated and who have a continuous interaction for a while. For example, five people who are waiting for a bus at a bus stop do not consist a group. However, if they decide to take a cab and share the cab fare, they become a group and stay as a group until they get o the cab. Families, friends, students in a class, co-workers in a workplace are some examples of groups. The groups may be permanent or temporary. For instance, families are an example of the permanent groups and crowds are an example of the temporary groups.
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