data (recorded facts, things, events and statistics), information (formatted, useful data extracted from data pool), knowledge (internalized information) and insight (a deep level of understanding about a particular situation).

Integration: Simultaneous development of the product and the production process are the essential components of the digital manufacturing. With the digital validation, it is possible for companies to decrease substantial amount of time with production interruptions.

Communication and collaboration support: Communication is taking the place of commuting nowadays. Assembling a group of experts and executives in remote locations for making a decision can be very expensive and sometimes impossible. EDSS can ease the process of collaboration and cooperation by facilitating effective communication tools for group and teamwork.

An operating system is a program that manages the computer hardware. It provides a container environment in which other application programs can work. Malicious software, malware in short, is an umbrella term that covers a variety of forms of hostile or intrusive software. Computer viruses, worms, Trojan horses, ransomware, spyware, adware, and scareware are the examples of malicious software. Proprietary software is software that is owned by an individual or a company (usually the one that developed it). There are almost always major restrictions on its use, and its source code is almost always kept secret. A browser is a software used to connect to the Internet (World Wide Web) and display Web pages. On the other hand, a bug is a computer software that causes incorrect or unexpected results.

Global production networks, Global value chains, Industrial regions and Industrial cities point respectively Automation, Robotization, Mass production and Mechanization within Four Industrial Revolutions.

Defining the marketing problem is the first and crucial step of a marketing research. If the research problem is defined incorrectly, very broadly or rather narrowly, rest of the marketing research process will rely on incorrectly, improperly defined problem. It is followed by developing the research plan, collecting data, analyzing the data and making the decision.

Critical success factors: These are the key factors that delineate the companies success levels in the market. Executives should be enabled to observe the current status of those factors including KPI’s (key performance indicators). Thereofre, the correct option is C.

Market research is the systematic design, collection, analysis and reporting of data and findings relevant to a specific marketing situation facing the company.

In the first Industrial Revolution water and steam power were used to mechanize production. When it comes to the second one, main source was electric power for creating mass production. The third one used electronics and information technology to automate production. While the digital revolution that has been occurring since the middle of the last century, now the fourth Industrial Revolution is building on the third one. It is characterized by the combination of technologies that is changing the border lines between the physical, digital, and biological spheres.

The main objective of a business is to sell products/ services to the customers and make profit from the sales activity. In order to get the information about the sales related activities, accounting information system must collect the data during that sales related activity. To monitor and ease the process, the sales activity is divided into events.

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) can be defined as an integrated collection of computer and database applications designed, developed and implemented to meet the information needs of business and industrial organizations.

The data collected through measurement and counting are called quantitative data type. For example, the age of your car and the temperature of your room are quantitative.

The main functions and objectives of e manufacturing are as follows: • providing a transparent, seamless and automated information exchange process to enable an only handle information once environment. • Improving the usage of plant floor assets using a holistic approach with the tools of predictive maintenance techniques. • Connecting entire SCM operation with asset optimization. • Presenting customer services by the predictive intelligence methods and tether-free technologies.

Based on this information gathered from sales by trade category, one may get an idea on market performance versus investment for each trade classification. When a company needs to decide on investment on a specific classification, the information gathered in this section might be beneficial for decision making.

From the perspective of accounting information system, documentation is defining the transaction by means of parties, date, subject, quantity and amount. For example, think of an invoice. Invoice is a document that indicates a sales transaction has been made. It shows the parties (buyer and seller) involved in the transaction. It shows the date of the transaction. It shows the subject (for example the company sold laptop computers) of the transaction. It shows the amount(for example, 15 laptop computers) of the transaction and lastly it shows the amount(15x3.000T=45.000T + VAT) of the transaction. 

Because the strategic management is the top management level the decisions are the most complexed and have the highest uncertainty. Operational management is at the bottom of management level hierarchy and it deals with daily routine decisions. Finally, tactical management level is the medium level and consists of medium level managers.

The mobile technology and Internet are enabling decision makers can access information and the analytical tools provided by EDSS from anywhere and anytime. This capability is already changing the decision-making behaviors and expectations from business decision makers as well as the customers.

Many developments for computers have been made in terms of cost and speed of computer power after first computers were developed around 1960s.

Every business has an accounting information system regardless of its size. Basicly, accounting information system is the same for all the businesses in the manner of input-process-output flow.

Integrity: Preventing unauthorized manipulation of information and ensuring its accuracy and consistency throughout the process.