1 Turkish Classical Music or Turkish Art Music

2 Turkish Classical Music (in the western tradition)

3 Turkish Folk Music

4 Turkish Military Music

5 Turkish Pop Music.

Within the Ottoman Empire, a musical culture developed among the urban ruling class, who lived separately from the common people. This musical culture was a high tradition, nourished by divan literature. The mystical orders of Islam that existed within Ottoman culture also contributed to the development of this music. This urban upper-class music developed and from the 16th century on produced musical masterpieces, becoming one of the greatest musical cultures of its period.

There are numerous composers within this tradition. Some of the notable ones are Itri, Dede Efendi, Hacı Arif Bey, Şevki Bey, Zekai Dede, Tatyos Efendi of the pre 20th century and Münir Nureddin Selçuk, Şerif İçli, Selahaddin Pınar, Sadettin Kaynak of post 20th century.

The Turkish Five consisted of Cemal Reşit REY, Ulvi Cemal ERKİN, Hasan Ferit ALNAR, Ahmet Adnan SAYGUN, and Necil Kazım AKSES.

They prepared the groundwork for Modern Polyphonic Turkish Music. 

Turkish folk music shows the local characteristics of the rural population. Its subjects all are the natural and social events experienced by the people. The variety in its musical structure, instruments used, those who perform the music, and their social positions, are direct reflections of the people’s lives.

Türkü singers and the aşıks(minstrels).

Türkü singers sing the songs that are performed in all sorts of celebrations, special rituals, certain religious gatherings and funerals throughout Anatolia. The musical patterns as well as the lyrics they use are anonymous

The Aşıks (minstrels) are one of the most distinguished and brilliant performers encountered within the Turkish culture. Generally, they sing lyrics and poetry to the accompaniment of the saz. Aşıks are artists that give voice to all of the social events of the societies in which they exist, and write footnotes to history.

The name of the Turkish military band is Mehter.

Turkish Folk music mostly covers the natural and
social events experienced by the common people.

Miniature is the name given to finely detailed small paintings. Miniature paintings are used to illustrate documents and books. They try to tell the story of the book in detail. Therefore, miniature art is related to books. They sometimes detail war scenes, map or documents; sometimes reflect abstract ideas like heaven and hell or draw daily events in detail like sultan’s court, hunting scenes, wedding and circumcision ceremonies.

Şeref Akdik, Refik Epikman, Mahmut Fehmi Cûda, Ali Avni Çelebi, Zeki Kocamemi and Turgut Zaim were some of the  artists who graduated from the Fine Arts Academy in the early years of the Republic.

Marbling is the art of creating colorful patterns by sprinkling and brushing color pigments on a pan of oily water and then transforming this pattern to paper. Marbled paper, called ebru in Turkish, was used generally in the binding of books. However, Seljuk and Ottoman calligraphers and artists used marbling to decorate books, imperial decrees, official correspondence and documents.

Turkish Cuisine basically consists of dishes prepared with cereals, vegetables with meat, soups, cold dishes cooked with olive oil, böreks (pastry filled with different filling) and of course desserts made with either with milk or pastry based. One also must remember that bread is one of the key nutriants in the Turkish cuisine. Turkish cuisine also has some very unique foods such as pekmez, yogurt, bulgur etc. In Turkey, eating habits vary from region to region. These habits also show differences from urban to rural areas.

We use Past Simple for talking about actions that happened in the past.

We use Past Continuous to say that somebody was in the middle of doing something at a certain time in the past.

Sometimes we talk about something that happened in the past. If we want to talk about something that happened before this time, we use the past perfect. 

No it is not. Foods and beverages of Turkish Cuisine are not
only very delicious, but also very healthy.

- Sauced cereal dishes
- Vegetables
- some meat
- soups
- cold dishes cooked with olive oil
- pastry dishes
- dishes made from wild vegetation (pekmez,
bulgur, etc.)