Marketing research is conducted to better understand the customer, the market, the problem faced by the firm; to find out why the new package failed? how consumers are using products i.e. user practices?

• Increase work efficiency by reducing the risk of interruption of system or operations. • Providing and maintaining the privacy of information. • Ensuring the integrity and dependability of data sources. • Ensure availability of data sources and online operations without interruption. • Adherence to privacy and security policies and laws.

Businesses carry on their operations increasingly on enterprise resource planning(ERP) systems based on integrated information systems.

A capital budget lists the projects and investments that a business plans to undertake during the coming year. To determine this, businesses analyze alternate projects and decide which ones to accept through a process called capital budgeting. This process begins with forecasts of the project’s future consequences for the business. These consequences will affect the revenues and costs of the business. The main effect will be on the business’ cash flows.

Production management function in an organization is responsible for the processes that transform inputs into useful outputs. These are: Facilitating goods and services. 

The decision problems can be classified as structured, semi-structured, and unstructured. A decision support system which is developed for structured problems is called the automated decision system. The semi-structured decision problems cannot only be solved by using certain methods and algorithms. Those decisions also require the judgment of the managers including a way of interaction.

Massive data files that can be obtained from both structured and unstructured databases.

The transaction processing system deals with converting economic events into financial transactions; recording financial transactions into journals and ledgers, and communicating financial information to information users to support their daily operations

Credibility check is for credit sales. The business want to know if the customer can pay for its debt. So the credibility check is done and if approved the sales transaction can proceed.

Additive Manufacturing is rather new for companies adopting additive manufacturing like 3-D printing which is generally used to prototype and produce individual components. With Industry 4.0, it will be possible for companies to use these additive-manufacturing methods widely to get construction advantages, such as complex, lightweight designs provided by small batches of customized products.

Defining the marketing problem is the first and crucial step of a marketing research. If the research problem is defined incorrectly, very broadly or rather narrowly, rest of the marketing research process will rely on incorrectly, improperly defined problem.

Philip Kotler is acknowledged as the father of modern marketing and a foremost expert on strategic marketing. He was named the Founder of Modern Marketing Management in the Handbook of Management Thinking.

While traditional analysis in marketing has looked at data aggregated to monthly or possibly weekly level, data in marketing today comes with a time stamp that allows for continuous measurement of customer behaviour, product assortments, stocks/inventories, in-store displays so on so forth.

Expenditure cycle deals with the purchasing operations that are necessary for the business to operate. These necessary operations include the purchasing of raw materials, merchandise inventory, services, fixed assets and payroll payments.

It started to happen in the early 21th century.

Managing the material and information flows between and among the various stages in the supply chain to maximize total profitability is the objective of supply chain management.

The purchasing process involves some set of events. These events are
• Analysing inventories
• Preparing purchase orders
• Receiving goods
• Making the payments
• Purchase returns and allowances
• Preparing reports

Management reporting system creates reports for the internal decision makers. Especially the reports about costs of the business, budgets, and cash flows are created by management reporting system.

Webcam, barcode reader, microphone, scanners, and sensors (e.g. heat or humidity) are the examples of input devices. The correct answer is webcam, The remaning options (headphone, projector, speaker, printer, monitor) are output devices.