While a mission states the fundamental reason of existence of a business, vision reflects the businesses’ future. Vision establishes where a company wants to be in the future over a specific period of time and how it wants to appear. That means; vision states the standards for the future success of a business.

Companies can use one or more variables to segment a market. There are four main types of segmentation variables used in consumer markets; geographic, demographic, psychographic and behavioral variables. "Sociographic" is not one of these variables.

Need recognition is the step that consumer moves to act via a need he/she felt. 

Undoubtedly, there are some factors that are important when making consumption decisions such as; • Significance of the decision • Availability or extent of previous experience • Willingness to gather information and amount of information gathered • The number of alternatives available • Decision criteria.

In the value chain, from raw materials stage up until the retailer stage, all activities conducted are B2B. Only the activities involved between the retailer and the consumer are B2C. therefore the correct answer is C.

There are various influences that affect consumers’ decisions. The six categories of influences are:

1. Demographic factors such as age, gender, income of consumers,
2. Psychological forces such as perceptions, attitudes, learning abilities, personalities of consumers,
3. Social forces such as families, friends, and reference groups of consumers,
4. Situational factors such as physical surroundings, social surroundings, time perspective, reason for purchase and the buyer’s monetary conditions,
5. Environmental factors such as economic conditions, political circumstances in the country of a consumer and
6. Marketing factors

Thus, the correct answer is D. 

Intensive distribution aims to reach consumers as many stores as possible. Consumers can find products in a broad range of stores from buffets to hypermarkets. Convenience products are distributed in this way.

People who have an influence on other people and the decider in the buying centre are called Influencers. They can easily change others minds, therefore A is the correct answer.

The buying center “refers to the group of individuals that consists of all organizational members who are involved in any way, to any extent, in any phase of a specific buying decision.”

Marketing factors include product, price, promotion, place, and distribution.

ii. Foundation Goods – These products are used to make other products but they do not become part of the finished product. Foundation goods are capital items, and thus, when they get old and are worn out, they can be depreciated from expenses. c. Installations – These items cannot be easily removed from the office/manufacturing building. For example, cranes, elevators, escalators, blast furnaces, turbines, presses, safes, etc. The buildings themselves, lands, supercomputer systems, airplanes of an airline company, oil tankers of an energy company, etc. are also examples of installations. Installations are considered fixed assets of the company and are depreciated in time. Installations are usually quite expensive and thus their purchase requires the formation of a buying center when making a purchase decision. d. Accessory Equipment – These products are usually smaller pieces of equipment that are less expensive than installations and can easily be removed from buildings. For example, hand tools workers use in the factory, fork lifts, smaller motors, personal computers and lap tops, furniture (tables, chairs, sofas, lighting equipment, etc) used in the office, etc. These products are usually available in standard sizes and versions, have lower prices and may be bought from many suppliers

The contents of the annual marketing plan are as follows:

• Manager summary
• Situational analysis
• Goals
• Strategies
• Tactics
• Financial plan
• Time
• Evaluation procedures

Therefore, the answer is "C".

Needs are the basic human requirements such as food, clothing, love, respect and success for survival. When unmet, they give a certain amount of tension. Needs become wants when they are directed to specific objects, people, things that might satisfy the need. Demands are wants for specific products backed by an ability to pay.

Consumer buying behavior refers to the buying behaviors of ultimate consumers, those who purchase products and services for either personal or household needs, not for business purposes such as re-selling.

Proposal Solicitation: The fifth stage of the B2B buying process is the stage where the organization contacts qualified suppliers and asks them to prepare and submit their written proposals if they are interested.

Initiators, users, influencers, deciders, buyers, gatekeepers.

The correct order of the Value Chain is:

RAW MATERIALS-MATERIAL PROCESSING-PARTS AND SUB-ASSEMBLY-FINAL ASSEMBLY-DISTRIBUTION (BRANDER) WHOLESALER-RETAILER-CONSUMER. 

The correct answer is D. In the other options the order is not correct. 

We can categorize the factors  that may affect market segment attractiveness under four main themes

• Market factors
• Economic and technological factors
• Competitive factors
• Environmental factors.

The correct answer is "E".

Brand loyalty is defined as; a customer’s favorable attitude toward a specific brand.