The microenvironment is made up of factors that influence the organization, and generally consists of the elements such as the company, suppliers, marketing intermediaries, competitors, publics, and customers.

We can see en example of a physical product only in option D. The other options provide services rather than selling physical materials. 

Action: Promotion should make potential buyers purchase the product.

Marketing mix, also called 4 Ps of marketing, is a group of marketing tools—product, price, place, and promotion—that are controlled by the firm to satisfy the needs and wants of its target market. "Preparation" is not one of these tools.

The Big Five traits are openness-to-experience, conscientiousness,extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism. Conscientiousness is defined as the degree to which the individual is responsible, hard-working, and organized.

Mission is a statement of the organisation’s purpose. Therefore the correct answer is A.

As the financial circumstances and purchasing characteristics, "Financial position improving; some working spouses" indicates the Full nest II stage of the family life cycle.

When it is possible to identify, reach and serve the market segments, it possesses the requirement of being accessible.

Marketing mix is extended for services because of their specific aspects such as intangibility, perishability, variability, and inseparability. Tangibility is not one of these aspects.

Internal publics include company’s workers, managers, volunteers and board of directors. Large companies use newsletters and Intranets to inform and motivate their internal publics. Put differently, a satisfied, motivated and happy employee is the best advertisement for a company.

Market-oriented companies give customers the highest priority while conducting business. Every department and employee should focus on contributing to the satisfaction of customers’ needs. A popular quote on marketing comes from the David Packard who is the co-founder of HP Company “marketing is too important to be left to the marketing department.” So, the right answer is C.

Concentrated (niche) marketing is a marketcoverage strategy in which a firm goes after a large
share of one or a few segments or niches. The correct answer is "D"

Market development is a strategy for company growth by identifying and developing new market segments for current company products. The other options are not related to the explanation, therefore B is the correct answer.

Consumer needs and preferences may vary according to product use situations, so marketers’ may prefer to use different variables such as occasions, importance of the purchase, and prior experience with the product or user status for segmentation. By using occasion segmentation, marketers divide the market into segments according to occasions when buyers get the idea to buy, actually make their purchase, or use the purchased item. For example, Coca Cola try to boost consumption by promoting consumption during the Ramadan. Some fruit juice companies promote orange juice as a drink for breakfast like tea.

Initiators, users, influencers, deciders, buyers, gatekeepers are the six roles which exist in the buying centre, therefore C is the correct choice.

The market structure affects price decisions. For example, under pure competition, no single seller can affect the market price. On the other hand, a seller can set the price it wants under pure monopoly because there is only one seller in the market

DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES are :
Age
Gender
Income
Education (see figure 5.5)

Companies started to set prices by considering the whole marketing mix rather than just the product itself. In this way, profits can be maximized. There are different product mix pricing strategies including product line pricing, byproduct pricing, optional-product pricing, captiveproduct pricing and product bundle pricing. In product line pricing, company sets different prices for the products in line. For example three different price levels may be set for three models of basic t-shirts. By-product pricing involves products produced unintentionally as an output of the manufacturing process of the main product. These kinds of products have no (or little) value such as sawdust. Optional-product pricing refers to accessory products sold with the main product. For example, consumers may buy steel rims or parking sensor along with a car. Captive-product pricing refers to complementary products which are used with the main product such as printer cartridge, so the company may get higher profits from the sales of cartridges. In product bundle pricing, less demanded products are sold together with highly demanded ones at a discounted price. The aim of the strategy is to promote less demanded products. B is the right answer.

The demand for a B2B product depends on the demand for the finished product in the B2C market. Therefore E is the correct answer.