Promotional research would assist identifying the most appropriate method for promotion; the most suitable advertising and campaign materials; the most suitable media to be used; and also testing the effectiveness of communication in achieving the objectives. Thus, the correct answer is C. 

External potential threats for a SWOT analysis may be listed as following:

• Entryof Foreign competitors into the Market
• Entry of new replacement products into the market
• Product being in a decline stage
• Changing customer needs/tastes
• A decline in customer trust
• Rival firms employing new strategies
• Increasing amounts of legal changes
• Economic collapse
• Changes in Central Bank policies
• New technology
• Demographic changes
• Barriers in entering foreign markets
• International political turmoil
• Drop in cash exchange rates

The rşght answer is C.

A need is the difference between a consumer’s actual state and some ideal or desired state.

Tactics : Sometimes called action plans, the specific activities are the application design of the specific strategies . Tactics usually answer the questions “what, who, how” for the marketing efforts of businesses.

Measurable: It answers the question of “how will you know it meets expectations?”, and defines the objective using quantifiable terms (quantity, quality, frequency, costs, deadlines, etc.)

Strategy is defining policy for the goal. 

Long-term planning includes all corporation-wide topics such as growth, markets and product lines.

Short-term planning is the responsibility of middle and lower-level management and generally involves a timeline of a year or less. 

Values are principles and shared beliefs that unite customers, business, managers and staff. 

Therefore, the answer is "B".

All of the above are correct about the exchange process in marketing.

SWOT analysis must be customer focused in order to achieve maximum profitability.

Companies following the selling concept, think that consumers will not buy products unless the company goes under substantial selling and promotion efforts. Generally, companies focus on selling what they produce instead of selling what the consumers need. The right answer is E.

Product decisions include selecting a brand name, deciding product’s package and label, after sales services, warranty conditions, design and product’s features, product modifications and improvements, deciding product strategies at different stages during its life cycle etc. Wholesaling is about Place variable. The right answer is E.

Marketing information system's functions are;

• To determine the information needed in marketing decisions
• To generate any kind of marketing information that might be needed in decision-making
• To deliver the generated information to the people or managers who would use this information in marketing decisions when needed.

The major forces in a company’s macroenvironment can be sorted as demographic, economic, natural, technological, legal and politic, and cultural environment. Therefore the right answer is B. 

Annual marketing plans are detailed plans which are prepared for specific products or a specific organizational department.

Financial publics. Financial publics influence company’s ability to get financial funds. Banks, investors, and stockholders are the main financial publics.

Differentation is actually differentiating the market offering to create superior customer value. 

Market segmentation is dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers who have different needs, characteristics, or behavior and who might require separate products or marketing programs.

A target market is the market that a company wants to sell its products and services to, and it includes a targeted set of customers for whom it directs its marketing efforts. 

Market demand is the demand of all possible customers for a particular product or service over a particular period of time in a particular market. 

Therefore, the answer is "E".

Strategic planning includes strategies to follow in order to reach the established goals, performance criteria, allocation of the resources and developing measurable indicators to monitor and evaluate the operations